{"id":2075,"date":"2017-08-20T23:13:26","date_gmt":"2017-08-20T21:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mecheng-nrc.org\/?page_id=2075"},"modified":"2019-10-17T10:07:37","modified_gmt":"2019-10-17T08:07:37","slug":"hollow-fiber-membranes-lab","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/hollow-fiber-membranes-lab\/","title":{"rendered":"Hollow Fiber Membranes Lab"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>HFMs<\/b>: are a class of\u00a0artificial\u00a0membranes\u00a0containing a semi-permeable barrier\u00a0in the form of a hollow fiber. Originally developed in the 1960s\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2692 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/image2-300x225.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/image2-300x225.jpeg 300w, http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/image2-768x576.jpeg 768w, http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/image2-1024x768.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>for reverse osmosis applications, hollow fiber membranes have since become prevalent in water treatment, desalination, cell culture, medicine, and tissue engineering.\u00a0Most commercial hollow fiber membranes are packed into cartridges which can be used for a variety of\u00a0liquid and gaseous separations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>spinneret:\u00a0<\/b>is a device used to extrude a polymer solution or polymer melt\u00a0to form fiber.\u00a0Streams of viscous \u00a0polymer exit via the spinneret into air\u00a0or liquid\u00a0leading to a\u00a0phase inversion\u00a0which allows the\u00a0polymer to solidify.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2693 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/image3-300x225.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"304\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/image3-300x225.jpeg 300w, http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/image3-768x576.jpeg 768w, http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/image3-1024x768.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 304px) 100vw, 304px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The individual\u00a0polymer chainst end to align in the fiber because of\u00a0viscous flow.\u00a0This air stream\u00a0liquid-to-fiber formation process is similar to the production process for\u00a0cotton candy. The fiber production process is generally referred to as &#8220;spinning&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the type of spinneret used, either solid or\u00a0hollow fibers\u00a0can be formed.\u00a0Spinnerets are\u00a0also used for\u00a0electroplating\u00a0and\u00a0electroplating\u00a0applications. They are <em>sometimes called\u00a0coaxial needles, or\u00a0coaxial emitters.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Microwaves:\u00a0<\/b>form of\u00a0electromagnetic radiation\u00a0with\u00a0wavelengths\u00a0ranging from one meter to one millimeter; with\u00a0frequencies\u00a0between 300\u00a0MHz (100\u00a0cm) and 300\u00a0GHz (0.1\u00a0cm).\u00a0Different sources define different frequency ranges as microwaves; the above broad definition includes both\u00a0UHF\u00a0and\u00a0EHF\u00a0(millimeter wave) bands. A more common definition in\u00a0radio engineering\u00a0is the range between 1 and 100\u00a0GHz (300 and 3\u00a0mm).\u00a0In all cases, microwaves include the entire\u00a0SHF\u00a0band (3 to 30\u00a0GHz, or 10 to 1\u00a0cm) at minimum. Frequencies in the microwave range are often referred to by their\u00a0IEEE radar band\u00a0designations:\u00a0S,\u00a0C,\u00a0X,\u00a0K<sub>u<\/sub>,\u00a0K, or\u00a0K<sub>a<\/sub>\u00a0band, or by similar NATO or EU designations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HFMs: are a class of\u00a0artificial\u00a0membranes\u00a0containing a semi-permeable barrier\u00a0in the form of a hollow fiber. Originally developed in the 1960s\u00a0for reverse osmosis applications, hollow fiber membranes have since become prevalent in water treatment, desalination, cell culture, medicine, and tissue engineering.\u00a0Most commercial hollow fiber membranes are packed into cartridges which can be used for a variety of\u00a0liquid &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2075","page","type-page","status-publish",""],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2075"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3479,"href":"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2075\/revisions\/3479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/med.sci.eg\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}